A Review of Good Essay Topics for Grade 8

A Review of Good Essay Topics for Grade 8 What Does Good Essay Topics for Grade 8 Mean? Year round school isn't a good idea. Otherwise, you're likely to receive a minimal grade. Some feel parents ought to be allowed to provide permission for their minor children to have tattoos, since they are making the decision for their own children. A minumum of one parent should work at home. The shortage of superior support sources are going to result in a decrease grade. Every family needs to have a all-natural disaster survival program. In certain instances, it's quite tricky to be descriptive and creative at the very same moment. Snow days are excellent for family quality time. There's, naturally, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. You can be totally sure your paper is going to be delivered in time and be of the maximum quality. All the student must do is provide the specifics. Don't be afraid to use our services if obtaining a high score is of extreme importance for you! Ruthless Good Essay Topics for Grade 8 Strategies Exploited Moving forward consider the obvious similarities and differences. Making an outline is vital if you wish to create a great work. If nobody knows the way to write or read cursive handwriting, the shape of communication is going to be lost, some believe. The major goal is to describe various organizational patterns. Have a peek at the example below. As an example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Young writers may try simple on-line citation generators which are ordinarily at no cost. The Good, the Bad and Good Essay Topics for Grade 8 Don't panic if you are not able to receive your descriptive essay right. Like every assignment, a descriptive essay has a particular function. Writing a great essay might be a bit of cake if you're feeling inspired. If you would like to create a descriptive essay about your own personal experience, it could possibly be unusual and specific. Other folks think it's a lot more difficult than any other written assignment. Work on the thesis statement as soon as you choose the topic. Other folks argue it doesn't exist in any respect. SATs ought to be eliminated. Some students utilize the very first idea which arrives in their head and work on it, but the outcome isn't profitable. You need to set up facts, possess the confidence and demonstrate the obvious evidence of your private viewpoint to certain phenomenon. Education scholars are continuously evolving the way that they think about how we learn and what's taught. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on unique views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. Well, the reply isn't too obvious here. MP3 music ought to be free. You are able to produce a more original bit of writing. The vital reason many writers fail is they don't go further. Anyway, direct and indirect quotes are necessary to support your understanding of academic writing style. The secondary aim is to leave an immense impression on the reader. Consider the subsequent speech ideas, a few of which are easy, and others might be a bit difficult yet relevant. When you have sorted out things, hit books looking for relevant details. The reader needs to be impressed by the manner in which you defend your ideas. If you are fortunate enough to land the correct site, you will without a doubt find several topics that are worth note. You're a true topic enthusiast!

Street Art As A Male Dominant Form Of Art - 1789 Words

It is most common for street art to be considered a male-dominant form of art. Many don t recognize street art for what it is, and some consider it as pure vandalism. This is because street art is usually done in public areas on buildings, poles, fences, and bridges. Since street art is a very controversial form, the feminist artist Mirah Shihadeh, is able utilize it to spread her impactful images of women, and many significant messages of feminist empowerment. With her work, Mirah is drawing attention to street harassment and treatment of women in Cairo, Egypt. This feminist brand of street art recognizes that everyone shares the urban space; it is a public area, and everyone should feel safe to walk about comfortably. The actual name of â€Å"Mirah Shihadeh† is unknown, but appears on various controversial artworks. Mirah confidently proves that street art isn t just a man s game. She has captured international attention with her famous street harassment murals. Through the use of paint as a tool to create a political platform, rooting itself in the belief of equality for women and respect of their rights. Mirah may be a profound artist, nevertheless she is also a woman, who openly broadcasts a repressive reality for women in Egypt. Depicting often curvy, but covered women, Mirah challenges an Arab public to accept the expression of femininity in society. The artwork of Mirah Shihadeh is highly appreciated in Cairo, Egypt. Cairo is the capital of Egypt, along with beingShow MoreRelatedBeing A City Alderman, I Helped Developed Rules And Regulations For A Skateboarding Park1239 Words   |  5 Pageswith sport. Skateboards are used for sporting, transportation, as an art and even a job for those that are professionals. Long-boards are used by many college students as a form of transportation on and around college campus s. History and Municipalities Skateboards got their start when California surfers wanted to take to land. 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Following its introduction to France, Ballet exploded and became a very significant part of society; reaching its height in the late 1600’s under the rule of King Louis XIV who was a great patron of the arts and the founder of the Acadà ©mie Royale de Danse. There were many eras of Ballet such as Ballet de Court (1600’s) and Ballet de action (1700’s). The 19th Century

Induction Pack Resource and its Development

Question: Evaluate induction pack as a resource for use in operating theatre which enhance learning? Answer: Introduction: The current study refers to the induction task pack as a resource to utilize in the operation theatre to enhance learning. Aligning this resource to the mentorship practices in the nursing care can ensure an effective learning of the new Registered Nurses (RN) and develop their efficiencies. It is as per the view of Gyori (2012), stating that learning and mentorship are very closely related and without an efficient integration of these two effective learning is not possible. This essay relates the two domains of Establishing effective working relationships and Facilitating learning with the induction pack resource. Induction Pack Resource and its Development: The induction pack considered as a resource for mentorship and learning here, is highly effective in assisting the learning of new workers. As conveyed by Burns (2009), the induction pack consist of the names and roles of the team members, purpose of the team, health and safety, team philosophy, orientation of placement, relevant paperwork and a brief community profile. As per the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) standard to support learning and practice, the first two domains are selected to be implemented in this induction pack for the nursing students and mentors. The induction pack needs to include well-planned activities that efficiently welcome the new nurses. It must provide a strong introduction of the organization to the nursing students highlighting the values and principles of work over there. As believed by Mabbot (2013), it is highly essential to develop a similar value and principle among the workers in alignment to the organization. Especially in healthcare organizations, the nurses need to develop a strong ethical and sensitive approach to the nursing practice. The induction pack is developed keeping in mind the idea to present an insight of the job of all members in the healthcare setting to the nursing students so that they can execute a standard collaborative nursing practice. The induction pack also clarifies the mentor and settings expectations from the students. It also needs to present an impression that the setting is interested in the personal preferences of the students to provide them with the relevant learning support. It helps in developing a close informal relationship among the students and their mentors, which benefits in learning facilitation (Mattsson et al. 2014). Benefits of the resource and challenges to its implementation: The induction pack is a resource that the nursing students will encounter directly on their admission or joining. The first encounter is expected to have a marked impression on the fresh minds of the students, as they stay in a state of high willingness toward learning. As per the view of Chambers et al. (2013), the students learn more effectively out of their own interest than due to the need to learn. The induction pack will hit the students at a time when they are in a state of interest to learn about the place they will work, their work details and help them to identify the skills they possess and the ones they need to develop. Accordingly, the students can be driven towards developing relevant talents to enhance their efficiency. It will not only facilitate learning but also develop an effective working relationship among the people at workplace (Parkin, 2010). The induction pack is aimed at the Operation Theatre (OT) nurses. Therefore, it involves mentors with high efficiency in technical skills and programs involving small group projects. The technically qualified mentors can assess the nurses efficiently thereby advise and support them as per need. The short group project programs are efficient in developing team-working efficiency in the nurses, which is a vital criterion for effective nursing practice in the OT (Thomas, 2012). However, the resource may face challenges as correctness and accuracy in assessment of nurses. The program implementation can face resistance from the nurses in the aspect that based on own expertise, the nurses interest and views may clash among the team. Another major challenge is the high expense requirement for implementing this pack, which the organization has to bear. Enhancement of teaching, learning and assessment in nursing practice by this resource: The induction pack resource clarifies the organization goals and principles of nursing practice. It provides a clear picture to the students about their role in the work, the efficiencies and responsibilities expected from them. The programs of learning style assessment enables the students and mentors to identify the preferred learning style of the individual students, based on which, they are categorized and provided relevant support and development training. As put forward by Satoh and Nakano (2013), it helps in the fast and effective learning process. The mentors also find assistance in teaching and assessing the students by the development of a close informal and strong bonding with the students. Reflection of the mentors interest in an individual students preference for learning generates a sense of commitment and interest towards learning among the students (Sharples, 2009). The mentor can utilize this to drive the development of a collaborative and coordinative atmosphere and relationship among the workers. The OT nurses need to have a high level of coordinating and cooperative skills that can be achieved through this resource. Justification in relation to learning theory and current evidence informing mentoring and assessing: As per the viewpoint of Kilgallon and Thompson (2012), the Honey and Mumford Learning style is the most eminent and widely used in most of the learning places. It categorizes the participants into 4 categories as per their preferred learning styles. Those interested in practical hands on experiences are termed Activists. Those who observe and evaluate incidents to learn from them are the Reflectors. The people who learn through problem solving by taking a logical, systematic and analytical approach are the Theorists. The students interested in experimenting and watching the application in practice are the pragmatists. Presenting the benefits of learning draws them towards the learning process (Billings and Halstead, 2012). The Honey and Mumford learning style seems to work efficiently in informing the mentors about the preferred learning styles of the students through a learning style questionnaire. The questions are set in a manner that reflects the students preference. Abdollahimohammad and Ja'afar (2014) highlighted that identifying the students preference and providing the relevant kind of support to the relevant student helps in attaining the development of higher level of efficiency in lesser time with optimum resource utilization. The effectiveness of the learning process can be assessed against the level of skill or talent efficiency of the student before commencing the learning process. Measuring and observing the students capability of delivering relevant medications and nursing care to the OT patients, coordination with the surgical team and ability to take on-spot decision in case of emergencies, which is common in OT are eminent markers of the development of the student through the learning process (Baumann, 2011). However, in many cases it is seen that some students changes their preference on realization of their efficiency of learning through some other style. Thus, the pack needs to include a program at the ending session where the students are shuffled among the groups. Conclusion: This study dealing with the effective learning and mentorship process at a nursing care setting for the new nursing students clearly highlights the significance of developing cooperative and coordinating talent in the nurses to work efficiently at the OT. The Honey and Mumford Learning style is effective in guiding the mentors to provide relevant learning support to the students through implementing the induction pack resource. The resource although faces some challenges as issue of high expenditure yet seems highly effective in facilitating learning and workplace relationship development. References Abdollahimohammad, A. and Ja'afar, R. (2014). Learning Style Scales: a valid and reliable questionnaire. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 11, p.22. Baumann, S. (2011). Learning as an Acquisition-Process in Healthcare and Nursing Education. Nursing Science Quarterly, 24(1), pp.64-65. Billings, D. and Halstead, J. (2012). Teaching in nursing. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier/Saunders. Burns, I. (2009). Easing the transition: preparing nursing students for practice. Nursing Management, 16(6), pp.20-21. Chambers, D., Thiektter, A. and Chambers, L. (2013). Preparing student nurses for contemporary practice: The case for discovery learning. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 3(9). Gyori, B. (2012). Mentorship Modes: Strategies for Influencing Interactive Learners. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 7(1). Jenkins, P. (2010). Exploring the learning process. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 5(4), pp.157-159. Kilgallon, K. and Thompson, J. (2012). Mentoring in nursing and healthcare. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Mabbot, I. (2013). The Practice of Nursing ResearchThe Practice of Nursing Research. Learning Disability Practice, 16(4), pp.13-13. Mattsson, J., Forsner, M. and Laksov, K. (2014). Facilitation of learning in specialist nursing training in the PICU: The supervisors concerns in the learning situation. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 4(12). Parkin, M. (2010). Tales for trainers. London: Kogan Page. Satoh, S. and Nakano, R. (2013). Fast and Stable Learning Utilizing Singular Regions of Multilayer Perceptron. Neural Processing Letters, 38(2), pp.99-115. Sharples, K. (2009). Learning to learn in nursing practice. Exeter: Learning Matters. Thomas, N. (2012). Striving to deliver effective care. Cancer Nursing Practice, 11(1), pp.8-8.

The Start Of The French Revolution Essays - French Revolution

The Start Of The French Revolution The disappointed reactions of the enraged Third Estate members who stood knocking violently at the door of the Hotel des Menus when they were locked out on June 20, 1789. The reason the Estates General was going to meet on this day was because of a recent voting conflict between the Estates General that had put the estates in deadlock for days. The Third Estate desired a change in the voting in the Estates-General, from voting by order, which the First and Second Estates wanted, to voting by head. As the Third Estate stood outside the meeting hall talking about what they would do next, after they had found out that the king had canceled the royal session because his son died and he found out about the formation of the National Assembly, which put him in great mourning, the sky began to rain. Once the rain was poring and drenching the Third Estate members, they sleeked shelter across the street in a nearby indoor tennis court. Inside the tennis court, Bailly, one of the main leaders o f the Third Estate, stood on a table and voiced the ideas of Mounier, another leader. This proposal voiced by Bailly was that the Third Estate would not leave Versailles until there was a constitution which they agreed upon. This idea of Mounier's was taken in favor of a more radical reform plan proposed by Sieyes. Of the 577 members, all but one accepted this oath. This oath, which would change Mother France forever, was known as the Tennis Court Oath. Another key player in the Tennis Court Oath was Mirabeau. On June 23, 1789 he reminded King Louis XVI of the oath the Third Estate had taken on the 20th and also said that the Third Estate would not leave the meeting hall till the Estates General could vote by head or were forced out by bayonets. The King said to let them sit, but was bluffing, and finally gave way to their proposal, and said that the Estates General would vote by head. Later, on June 27, the King ordered his loyal clergy and nobility to join the National Assembly. I t seemed as if the Third Estate had won, and everyone at Versailles was yelling Vive Le Roi, as if the Revolution was over. But what they didn't know was that the King had sent troops to regulate in Paris. These troops would soon, even though they didn't know it, be part of the storming of the Bastille where several soldiers and Parisians would be killed and help promote the French Revolution.*BR* The Storming of the Bastille On July 14, 1789. A huge, bloodthirsty mob marched to the Bastille, searching for gun powder and prisoners that had been taken by the unpopular and detested King, Louis XVI. Even elements of the newly formed National Guard were present at the assault. The flying rumors of attacks from the government and the biting truth of starvation were just too much for the angry crowds. The Bastille had been prepared for over a week, anticipating about a hundred angry subjects. But nothing could have prepared the defenders for what they met that now famous day. Along the thick rock walls of the gargantuan fortress and between the towers were twelve more guns that were capable of launching 24-ounce case shots at any who dared to attack. However, the enraged Paris Commune was too defiant and too livid to submit to the starvation and seeming injustice of their government. The Bastille was governed by a man named de Launay. On July 7th, thirty-two Swiss soldiers led by Lieutenant Deflue, came to aid de Launay, helping him to prepare for a small mob. Rumors were flying everywhere. De Launay was *I*expecting*/I* a mob attack, but certainly not a siege! The entire workforce of the Bastille had stealthily and furiously been repairing the Bastille and reinforcing it, all to prepare for a minor attack from a hundred or so angry citizens. At three o'clock that afternoon, however, a huge group of French guards and angry citizens tried to break into the fortress. There were over three hundred people ready to give their lives to put

The Construction of Europe essays

The Construction of Europe essays Exogenous factor shaping economic growth continent wide was the great power conflict. Countries falling for geographical and other reasons within the U.S. and Soviet spheres of influence felt strong pressure to adopt the same form of economic organization as their dominant partner. And how they organized their economies was the most important determinant of Western European societies subsequent economic performance. In the immediate post-World War II period, Europe remained ravaged by war and thus susceptible to exploitation by an internal and external Communist threat. In a June 5, 1947, speech to the graduating class at Harvard University, Secretary of State George C. Marshall issued a call for a comprehensive program to rebuild Europe. Fanned by the fear of Communist expansion and the rapid deterioration of European economies in the winter of 1946-1947, Congress passed the Economic Cooperation Act in March 1948 and approved funding that would eventually rise to over $12 billion for the rebuilding of Western Europe. The Marshall Plan generated a resurgence of European industrialization and brought extensive investment into the region. It was also a stimulant to the U.S. economy by establishing markets for American goods. Although the participation of the Soviet Union and East European nations was an initial possibility, Soviet concern over potential U.S. economic domination of its Eastern European satellites and Stalins unwillingness to open up his secret society to westerners doomed the idea. Furthermore, it is unlikely that the U.S. Congress would have been willing to fund the plan as generously as it did if aid also went to Soviet Bloc Communist nations. Thus the Marshall Plan was applied solely to Western Europe, precluding any measure of Soviet Bloc cooperation. Increasingly, the economic revival of Western Europe, especially West Germany, was viewed suspiciously in Moscow. Economic historians have debated th...

101 Classics to Get You Started

101 Classics to Get You Started So many books, so little time. Anyone, novice or expert, who is interested in reading classic literature might feel overwhelmed by the number of works categorized as Classics. So, where should you get started? The list below contains 101 works spanning multiple countries and subjects. It is meant to be a get started or find something new list for anyone on their own personal classic reading quest. Text Author The Count of Monte Cristo (1845) Alexandre Dumas The Three Musketeers (1844) Alexandre Dumas Black Beauty (1877) Anna Sewell Agnes Grey (1847) Anne Bront The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) Anne Bront The Prisoner of Zenda (1894) Anthony Hope Barchester Towers (1857) Anthony Trollope The Complete Sherlock Holmes (1887-1927) Arthur Conan Doyle Dracula (1897) Bram Stoker The Adventures of Pinocchio (1883) Carlo Collodi A Tale of Two Cities (1859) Charles Dickens David Copperfield (1850) Charles Dickens Great Expectations (1861) Charles Dickens Hard Times (1854) Charles Dickens Oliver Twist (1837) Charles Dickens Westward Ho! (1855) Charles Kingsley Jane Eyre (1847) Charlotte Bront Villette (1853) Charlotte Bront Sons and Lovers (1913) D.H. Lawrence Robinson Crusoe (1719) Daniel Defoe Moll Flanders (1722) Daniel Defoe Tales of Mystery Imagination (1908) Edgar Allan Poe The Age of Innocence (1920) Edith Wharton Cranford (1853) Elizabeth Gaskell Wuthering Heights (1847) Emily Bront The Secret Garden (1911) Frances Hodgson Burnett Crime and Punishment (1866) Fyodor Dostoyevsky The Brothers Karamazov (1880) Fyodor Dostoyevsky The Man Who Was Thursday (1908) G.K. Chesterton The Phantom Of The Opera (1909-10) Gaston Leroux Middlemarch (1871-72) George Eliot Silas Marner (1861) George Eliot The Mill on the Floss (1860) George Eliot The Diary of a Nobody (1892) George and Weedon Grossmith The Princess and the Goblin (1872) George MacDonald The Time Machine (1895) H.G. Wells Uncle Toms Cabin (1852) Harriet Beecher Stowe Walden (1854) Henry David Thoreau The Aspern Papers (1888) Henry James The Turn of the Screw (1898) Henry James King Solomons Mines (1885) Henry Rider Haggard Moby Dick (1851) Herman Melville The Odyssey (circa 8th C. BC) Homer The Call of the Wild (1903) Jack London Last of the Mohicans (1826) James Fenimore Cooper Emma (1815) Jane Austen Mansfield Park (1814) Jane Austen Persuasion (1817) Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice (1813) Jane Austen Pilgrims Progress (1678) John Bunyan Gullivers Travels (1726) Jonathan Swift Heart of Darkness (1899) Joseph Conrad Lord Jim (1900) Joseph Conrad 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1870) Jules Verne Around the World in Eighty Days (1873) Jules Verne The Awakening (1899) Kate Chopin The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) L. Frank Baum Tristram Shandy (1759-1767) Laurence Sterne Anna Karenina (1877) Leo Tolstoy War and Peace (1869) Leo Tolstoy Alices Adventures in Wonderland (1865) Lewis Carroll Through the Looking-Glass (1871) Lewis Carroll Little Women (1868-69) Louisa May Alcott The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) Mark Twain Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) Mark Twain Frankenstein (1818) Mary Shelley Don Quixote of La Mancha (1605 1615) Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Twice-Told Tales (1837) Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter (1850) Nathaniel Hawthorne The Prince (1532) Niccol Machiavelli The Four Million (1906) O. Henry The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) Oscar Wilde The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890) Oscar Wilde The Metamorphoses (circa 8 AD) Ovid Lorna Doone (1869) R. D. Blackmore Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886) Robert Louis Stevenson Treasure Island (1883) Robert Louis Stevenson Kim (1901) Rudyard Kipling The Jungle Book (1894) Rudyard Kipling Ivanhoe (1820) Sir Walter Scott Rob Roy (1817) Sir Walter Scott The Red Badge of Courage (1895) Stephen Crane What Katy Did (1872) Susan Coolidge Tess of the dUrbervilles (1891-92) Thomas Hardy The Mayor Of Casterbridge (1886) Thomas Hardy Utopia (1516) Thomas More Rights of Man (1791) Thomas Paine Les Misrables (1862) Victor Hugo The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (1819-20) Washington Irving The Moonstone (1868) Wilkie Collins The Woman in White (1859) Wilkie Collins A Midsummer Nights Dream (1600) William Shakespeare As You Like It (1623) William Shakespeare Hamlet (1603) William Shakespeare Henry V (1600) William Shakespeare King Lear (1608) William Shakespeare Othello (1622) William Shakespeare Richard III (1597) William Shakespeare The Merchant of Venice (1600) William Shakespeare The Tempest (1623) William Shakespeare Vanity Fair (1848) William Thackeray

ESTABLISHING A REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION CENTRE IN THE UAE Assignment

ESTABLISHING A REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION CENTRE IN THE UAE - Assignment Example Even if they do not have their own fleet available to them, they should be able to hire other transportation companies to do the jobs for them. Our logistic distribution center must be able to provide inbound and outbound traffic control, the route optimization services, delivery using multiple mechanisms of transport and payment services. There are in fact various business intelligence tools that come into play when we are dealing with the transportation management. When we are considering other factors for our choice of company for the regional distribution center, we need to evaluate the performance of the candidate company based on, on time delivery, cost adherence to supplier’s adherence. Selecting the best carrier for the project would be an efficient choice. When we are analyzing, we need to consider the factor of supply compliance analysis. It has often been observed in the supply chain management that the goods are sometimes delayed. They are not delivered on time. And sometimes they get delivered or shipped more than the expected amount. There can be different factors that can contribute to that operation such as customs and tax evasions. The point in evaluating the logistic support must take into consideration the leverage that the company offers. There needs to be flexibility in the company to cater for the contingencies. The factor being considered here is that the performance of the logistic company should have an inspiring history. Where this will help in different aspects of the business, it will help in developing the long term career relationships. Which are more useful o us than to them as we will be the one looking for some regional personnel who could provide services. The importance of this factor cannot be overemphasized. We need to calculate the time span between the placement of order and the actual shipment of delivery. Again, this factor will be thoroughly analyzed for the new logistic company. The cycle time analysis will

Emphysema Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Emphysema - Research Paper Example According to National Institute of Health, NIH (2014), COPD encompasses varied lung diseases that include emphysema, chronic obstructive airways disease and chronic bronchitis. This paper focuses on emphysema, the main type of COPD as noted by Klaassen (2013). Emphysema is a type of chronic lung disease. It normally causes people to have breathing difficulties due to blowing out air being limited and majorly affects people between the ages of 45 and 60 (NIH, 2014). It is estimated that over 10 million people in America are likely to have emphysema with 2011 having had 4.7 million Americans diagnosed with the condition according to statistics from the American Lung Association (2013). Historically, men exhibit higher prevalence for emphysema than women, though the past five years has seen the prevalence in women increase by 63% while prevalence among men has decreased by 6%. Together with bronchitis, emphysema is ranked fourth among the leading causes of death in America, killing abou t 16,242 people every year. The pathogenesis of emphysema largely remains unclear. However, it has been generally accepted that emphysema occurs when delicate linings of air sacs which occur in the lungs get irreversibly damaged. It involves the inflammatory changes that occur in small airways accompanied by loss of small vessels and alveolar septal structures. This, according to NIH (2014), occurs due to gradual destruction of air sacs in the lungs making the patient slowly deprived of breath. There is also the postulate by Nici and ZuWallack (2012) that emphysema results from protease-antiprotease imbalance. For proper maintenance of lungs, there needs to be a delicate balance in the activity of protease and antiprotease. Interference with this balance results to lungs being destroyed or inappropriately repaired, eventually leading to emphysema. Additionally, the destruction of elastin fragments resulting

Grendal and Existentialism Essay Example for Free

Grendal and Existentialism Essay Gardner chose to display the philosophical idea of existentialism in his novel, Grendel. Grendel, the main character, shows proof of supporting these ideas. Existentialism related to the basic idea of individualism, in which each individual is an isolated being too which is cast into an alien universe. In this literary theory, it is believed that the world possesses no inherent human truth, value or meaning. Existentialists believe that there is no god and no heaven, and Gardner uses this belief in his novel â€Å"They sense that, of course, from time to time; have uneasy feelings that all they live by is nonsense. They have dim apprehensions that such propositions as ‘God does not exist’ are somewhat dubious at least in comparison with statements like ‘All carnivorous cows eat meat. ’† (pg 64-65) Observing from a different viewpoint, this realm of thought gives individuals freedom to do as they please, without possessing any external pressures. In a world without sense, all choices are possible. One has the freedom to make each decision based on one’s own personal code of ethics and commitment to one’s self, as opposed to being swayed by societal pressures or religious beliefs. This principle gives people sovereignty; it makes people happy knowing they have no responsibilities in life. Grendel views the world as an open space of â€Å"nothingness† to which he entered, to which the nothingness where it must end. He comes to the realization that his own, along with every other individuals existence is merely just a flash in time, in a billion billion billion years, everything will have come and gone several times, in various forms (page70). He possesses the belief that all men are mechanical. He is given the opportunity to observe and study them, introducing him to the idea of conformity, with the desire that he too can find meaning in this world. At the beginning of the novel Grendel demonstrates pure innocence. With the story of his first encounter with men, after getting his foot stuck in a crack where two old tree trunks joined he yells â€Å"Mama! Waa! Waa! †, with an urgent need to define things and find a meaning for himself. But as the novel progresses, Grendel turns into a monster and taking up the ideas that â€Å"the world [is] nothing: a mechanical chaos of casual, brute enmity on which we stupidly impose our hopes and fears (21-22). It is because of events like this that Grendel started to take existentialist views on the world, then when he met the dragon these beliefs started to enhance. When the dragon enters the plot, he convinces Grendel to attack King Hrothgar’s Mead Hall, in hopes of possessing a purpose and fitting into the world, allowing him to temporarily exist with mankind. Following the incident, he continues to possess the ability to think for himself, he detaches his thoughts from his previous decisions to view the situation objectively. In doing so he comes to the realization that he will never mesh with this world completely and feels trapped and empty, like a monster with visions of himself killing the men. Struggling to keep his own sanity, Grendel comes to the realization he cannot continue to live his life this way, realizing he is in complete isolation. It is not until his depression, that he comes to the realization he does not want to live the life of a monster, making the decision to refuse to kill Unferth as well as Wealtheow, realizing it had no purpose, going against his previous role, with great desire to give his life meaning. However, it is not until he, the unstoppable monster, surrenders to Beowulf, allowing him to rip his arm from his socket, giving in to his â€Å"design,† when he is able to attain true happiness. Grendel’s desire for meaning goes against all beliefs of existentialism. From the beginning of the novel, to the middle, and all the way to the end, we see Grendel go through many different changes. The reason he is an existentialist in the middle of the novel is because he kills with no meaning. There is no purpose for his kills; he is just confused with life and does what others tell him, which is to kill. Finally when Grendel starts thinking for himself he realizes that there is no purpose to killing, this is when he finally decides he does not want to be a monster. A true monster finds joy out of his kills and thinks of it as a victory, which is what truly proves Grendel is not a monster.

The Hippopotamus: Endangered Species Report :: essays research papers fc

The Hippopotamus: Endangered Species Report Jason Wapiennik Mr. Trippeer, Biology January 6th, 1997 The ban on elephant ivory trading has slowed down the poaching of elephants, but now poachers are getting their ivory from another creature, the hippopotamus. For the poacher, the hippo is an easy target. They stay together for long hours in muddy water pools, as many as eighty-one can be found in a single square mile. This concentration is so big it's only second to that of the elephant. Poachers kill the animal, then pick out the teeth and sell them for as much as seventy dollars per kilo. This is a very cheap price. Elephant ivory sells for as much as five-hundred dollars per kilo. The reason the price-per-kilo is so slow is because hippo ivory is very brittle compared to the much stronger elephant ivory. Elephant ivory is no longer at the biggest risk for poaching; hippo ivory is. Eastern Zaire once had one of the largest hippo populations in the world, around 23,000 hippos. According to a count done in 1994, this number has now dropped to 11,000. The 1989 ban on elephant ivory is the main cause attributed to the exponential rise to hippo ivory trade. "European and African activists are petitioning advocacy groups, including last week's annual Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in Florida, for a ban on hippo poaching. But they say they're a long way from putting an end to the slaughter." (Howard & Koehl) The hippopotamus is an enormous amphibious animal with smooth, hairless skin. Hippos can be found in Liberia, the Ivory Coast, and a few can also be found in Sierra Leone and Guinea. Hippos used to be found anywhere south of the Sahara Desert where they could find enough water and plenty of room to graze. Now, due to poachers and predation they are confined to protected areas, but they can still sometimes be seen in many major rivers and swamps. Hippos need water that is deep enough to cover them, but it also has to be very close to a pasture. They must wallow in the water because their thin, hairless skin is vulnerable to overheating and dehydration. Hippos were once thought to sweat blood. Actually, hippos secrete a pinkish colored oil that helps them keep their skin moist in the hot African climate. Hippos are herbivores. They prefer the short grass of African plains to any other possible food. They normally eat up to eighty-eight pounds of this grass nightly, which they mow away a large patch at a time with their twenty-inch

ASSIGNMENTQ WHY DID I CHOOSE DM

Well teaching profession Is something that I have choose for my career and I have been dreaming of becoming a well known professor or teacher who can help out his students to bringing the best within them . People think teaching profession as some kind of Job which we can apply for when we don't have anything better to do or as an last option , even many of my friends who without undergoing any training they are teaching in high school and college alike.But according to me teaching profession is one of the most and I admire every teachers n respect each of them for their effort to educate the students. Well enough of going round now let me come to the point , Like said before teaching profession is not an last option for me and know myself that without any training I won't be able to give my best , so to gear up my with the teaching technique's and to know about the students I told myself that have to undergo this B.De. Course and for that I apply to this prestigious DMS College Of Teachers Education since It Is the only college where not only Ideas ND lecture's are taught but many non curriculum starting from games and sports , quizzes and many other competition are held to bring about the all round development of the students which is very important to improve our personality . If we inquire in other college this things are very rarely held in this busy scheduled of today's routine .And so getting admission here is a one more step nearer to my goal and I praise almighty that it is with his grace that I got admission here and I would do my best in the coming days so that when I leave I could step out of this college with a usage to carry for the society and leave many sweet memories alike during my stay here .

Richard Nixon

Richard Nixon is Good Richard Nixon is considered to be one of the worst presidents of our time and for very good reasons. He lied under oath about knowledge of the Watergate scandal, he illegally invaded Cambodia and violated international law, and he installed wiretaps. All these actions caused him to resign from the Presidential office. What we don't think about, is all the good he did. Nixon did a lot for our country.From foreign affairs o the environment, he accomplished much during his time as president. First of all, one of his greatest accomplishments was the d ©tente with the Republic of China. He was the first president to visit the country, and he opened trade with China and bettered the economy by making China its biggest trade partner. He came to agreements with both China and the Soviet Union where the use of nuclear weapons would stop being used. Nixon accomplished much with our nation's environment.He passed many acts hich included the National Environmental Policy of 1969, The Environmental Protection Agency of 1970, The Clean Air Act Extension of 1970, Marine Mammal Protection of 1972, the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, and the Endangered Species Act of 1973. We can thank him for making our environment a better place. Besides improving our environment, President Nixon also accomplished much under Civil Rights. It is because of Nixon that women have equal pay and employment opportunities today.Nixon also worked towards racism towards African Americans and helped stop the segregation towards them in the school systems. Even though President Nixon had a lot of faults and made a lot of mistakes, he couldVe handled things a lot better. So why look at only his faults? He did a lot for our country and doesn't deserve all the mistrust that people feel towards him. History seems only to remember the faults of people, but in the very end, he was actually a really good president Richard Nixon Richard Nixon is Good Richard Nixon is considered to be one of the worst presidents of our time and for very good reasons. He lied under oath about knowledge of the Watergate scandal, he illegally invaded Cambodia and violated international law, and he installed wiretaps. All these actions caused him to resign from the Presidential office. What we don't think about, is all the good he did. Nixon did a lot for our country.From foreign affairs o the environment, he accomplished much during his time as president. First of all, one of his greatest accomplishments was the d ©tente with the Republic of China. He was the first president to visit the country, and he opened trade with China and bettered the economy by making China its biggest trade partner. He came to agreements with both China and the Soviet Union where the use of nuclear weapons would stop being used. Nixon accomplished much with our nation's environment.He passed many acts hich included the National Environmental Policy of 1969, The Environmental Protection Agency of 1970, The Clean Air Act Extension of 1970, Marine Mammal Protection of 1972, the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, and the Endangered Species Act of 1973. We can thank him for making our environment a better place. Besides improving our environment, President Nixon also accomplished much under Civil Rights. It is because of Nixon that women have equal pay and employment opportunities today.Nixon also worked towards racism towards African Americans and helped stop the segregation towards them in the school systems. Even though President Nixon had a lot of faults and made a lot of mistakes, he couldVe handled things a lot better. So why look at only his faults? He did a lot for our country and doesn't deserve all the mistrust that people feel towards him. History seems only to remember the faults of people, but in the very end, he was actually a really good president Richard Nixon On August 8th 1974 Richard Nixon became the first American president ever to resign from office. His final action was the imminent consequence of more than two years of political controversy, of public displays of discontent towards the media, and ultimately of obvious attempts to minimize and cover up a scandal that, in the end, proved to be fatal for the outcome of his presidential mandate. He would later recall, â€Å"This was the nightmarish end of a long dream† (Associated Press, 1999). His last address to the nation as a standing president must be seen through this perspective and through the lens of the historical circumstances of the time.The overall perception of the exact purpose of the speech is still debatable, some of his critics accusing him of not giving a resignation speech, but rather a persuasive one. Despite these differences in ideas, one can reach a common ground and the conclusion that Nixon, while making his final official speech, also tried to save a di gnifying image for posterity, later on implicitly underlining the importance the judgment of history had for him: â€Å"The jury has already come in, and there's nothing that's going to change it. There's no appeal. Historians will judge it harshly.†(Stacks, 1994).In order to fully grasp the complex message behind the speech delivered by Nixon, certain elements are essential for building a proper image of the historical background of the time. Cristina Schaffner, in citing Christoph Sauer, points out the necessity for analyzing the wider context of the political discourse in order to understand and capture its overall meaning.She considers that â€Å"the analysis of political speeches in particular and political discourses in general should relate linguistic structures to larger contexts of communicative settings and political functions. Any public speech is part of a larger, more extensive communicative process and it is characterized as a strategic move in an overarching c ommunicative plan. It can therefore be assessed properly only if the larger context is taken into account†( Schaffner, 1993, 203).Richard Nixon was the 37th elected president of the US and had the uphill endeavor of leading his nation through some of the most trying times of its history. Henry Kissinger, his Secretary of State would later on acknowledge the fact that â€Å"Nixon was the first president, after Theodore Roosevelt, to lead his country’s foreign policy largely in the name of the national interest†(Kissinger, 1995, 636). He admits, as do numerous other experts in external policy, that â€Å"the Nixon Administration was given the task of withdrawing the American troops from its first experience of a lost war, and from the first external commitment in which the American moral convictions collided with what was possible to achieve†(Kissinger,1995, 586).Therefore, the Vietnam War was the major issue of Nixon’s presidency. Another critical is sue was that of the US-USSR relations that were in a tight point at the beginning of his term in office in 1969. Intimately connected was the situation with China which proved to be delicate and in demand of a diplomatic resolution. Stacks points out these elements: â€Å"By sheer endurance, he was the most important figure of the postwar era.Nixon put the country through some of its worst times, leading the red-scare politics of the 1950s, escalating the war in Vietnam in order to end it, trying with all his enormous energy and guile to defeat the legal processes that closed in on him during the Watergate scandal†(Stacks, 1994). Thus, it not the conduct of the foreign policy that brought his resignation, but rather his continuous conflicts with the Congress, that is the dispute between the Executive and the Legislative. All these aspects of the political reality are dealt with, some more than others, in his final speech.Depending on his motivation, Nixon targeted more than o ne audience in his speech. Smith argues that â€Å"understanding the American audience in terms of the issues it holds dear, the positions it takes on those issues and the way it measures character is crucial to crafting speeches that resonate with the public.   Furthermore, due to the modern media, the president often addresses more than one audience at a time† (Smith, 2006).It was expected of him to start with the most pressing development of internal politics, which was the Watergate scandal. His political career had been stained by the possibility of being accused of obstructing justice procedures and abuse of power, yet his considerations on the matter were rather reluctant and until the final end, set for denial of all evidence shown to him in this respect (Impeachment, 2006). It was only after the irrefutable proof of taped conversations demonstrating his implication in the scandal that he tacitly admitted his guilt and acted on his resignation (Legacy: Richard M. Ni xon, 37th president, 2006).Stacks even comments on the idea, calling the attention to the fact that â€Å"no other President in American history had been revealed to be so cynically, so selfishly breaking the law to preserve his own power. Other Presidents may have acted as ignobly, but none was caught so nakedly† (Stacks, 1994). Nixon’s mentioning of the scandal in the speech was quite lapidary, the term â€Å"Watergate† only being used twice throughout the text. It is therefore clear to say that he attempted to underplay its importance and to change the focus of the attention towards other aspects of his political actions.Within this line of argumentation, Nixon tried to appeal to the general public. He made use of personal references, by mentioning that â€Å"my family unanimously urged me to do so (to carry through to the finish whatever the personal agony it would have involved)†( Scholing, 2003) structuring his address on the need to reach out to th e American people and thus offer them a certain justification of his actions, which he even stresses were carried out as â€Å"to do what was best for the nation†. Therefore, one of the aims of the speech was to attract the sense of public acceptance and along with this, a closure of the chapter.Throughout his speech though, he created for himself a number of different occasions to address the general public, the electorate and subsequently those who decide in a democratic system. One such occasion was the referral to the possibilities of the American people â€Å"to have not only the blessings of liberty but also the means to live full and good, and by the world's standards even abundant lives†( Scholing, 2003). Such political rhetoric could only have pointed to the important achievements his administration had registered, although he did mention the inflation problems facing the society.Even so, he managed to draw the attention on the wellbeing of the nation by simil ar comparisons with the rest of the world. In justifying the wide media and public attention that the Watergate scandal had received, and, at the same time, in supporting Nixon’s confidence in the internal and external US position, Walter McDougall, a historian at the University of Pennsylvania, said that â€Å"the American people could afford to obsess continuously over this affair and paralyze the nation†¦the American people wouldn't have put up with that if they had thought the country was in danger†(Anderson, 2004).Nixon pointed out the successes of his administration in relation to the main international actors such as the USSR, China and the players in the Middle East. Even though, in general, the American public is less interested in foreign affairs and more in domestic issues, the Vietnam War and the broader context that determined its final outcome had provoked great unrest among regular Americans, and had created a rift in the society. Therefore, when in voking the fact that â€Å"we have ended America's longest war† (Scholing, 2003) he also tried to offer a sense of reassurance that would, in the long run, help heal the wounds of the nation.A well delimited part of the speech was aimed at underlining the distinctiveness between â€Å"I† and â€Å"Congressional and other leaders†. While addressing the public, he tried to make a clear delimitation between what the public might consider â€Å"good† such as himself, and â€Å"evil† such as those in search of his indictment. He strongly stressed the lack of Congressional support in his strive to uphold what he considered to be â€Å"the constitutional purpose†. There were even opinions that considered Nixon to have â€Å"acknowledged his lonely isolation in his televised resignation speech† (Anderson, 2004).Therefore he subtly lets himself to be portrayed as the less eager to continue the battle with the Congress, fact that had an opposit e effect on the elective body. By mentioning his lack of further action for the purpose of revenge, as he would not â€Å"continue to fight through the months ahead for my personal vindication† (Scholing, 2003), he skillfully managed to sow the seed of doubt in the public’s mind over the real reasons for the Congress’ actions. Furthermore, he would appear in the eyes of the public as the one that appealed to a common and acceptable solution on behalf of both parties. Therefore, it could be said that, in the public view, he managed to partially save a certain political dignity.The presentation of the new president was, from a strictly political perspective, an electoral maneuver. Its placement after the subtle â€Å"attack† of the Congress insured the transfer of the political support he enjoyed among his own traditional electorate. His reaffirmed trust in Ford’s capabilities was also meant to lie to rest any uncertainties in the future course of po licy. It is rather obvious that, following that passage, the continuous and vigorous call for mobilization to take further the actions started by his administration, Nixon attempted to give an additional level of credibility to all that was previously said. His determination and explicit support for his successor was designed as a display of confidence and conviction in his arguments that, among others, motivated his innocence in the Watergate scandal.Taking into consideration the concurring factors that eventually led to the resignation of President Nixon, it can be concluded that his final speech addressed exactly the variety of these issues. Summing up the pulse of the era, McDougall considers that â€Å"even Watergate will some day be put in a larger context and will be seen as the most dramatic episode in a rebellion by Congress and the courts against executive power† (Anderson, 2004). In addressing the American people, he tried both to justify his actions and to subtly state the difference of opinion with the Congress.BibliographyAnderson, Hill. â€Å"Analysis: Nixon's watershed presidency†. The Washington Times. 2004. 14 Mar. 2006. Associated Press. â€Å"Nixon's resignation changed American politics forever†. Aug. 1999. 14 Mar. 2006 ;http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/08/06/nixon.resigns/;â€Å"Impeachment†. American Experience. 2006. 14 Mar. 2006. ;http://watergate.info/impeachment/impeachmentarticles.shtmlhttp://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/P/rn37/speeches/resign.htm;Kissinger, Henry. Diplomacy. London: Simon ; Schuster, 1995.â€Å"Legacy: Richard M. Nixon, 37th president†. 2006. 14 Mar. 2006.;http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/37_nixon/nixon_legacy.html;Schaffner, Cristina. â€Å"Political speeches and discourse analysis†. Current issues in language and society. 1996: 203. 14 Mar. 2006.; http://www.multilingual-matters.net/cils/003/0201/cils0030201.pdf;Scholing, Peter. â€Å"Richard Milhous Nixon. Res ignation Speech, August 8, 1974†.From Revolution to Reconstruction. 2003. 14 Mar. 2006.;http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/P/rn37/speeches/resign.htm;Smith, Craig R. â€Å"Speechwriting in the Nixon and Ford White Houses†. California State University. 14 Mar. 2006;http://www.csulb.edu/~crsmith/nixford.html;Stacks, John F. â€Å"Victory In Defeat†. Time. 2 May, 1994. Richard Nixon Richard Nixon is Good Richard Nixon is considered to be one of the worst presidents of our time and for very good reasons. He lied under oath about knowledge of the Watergate scandal, he illegally invaded Cambodia and violated international law, and he installed wiretaps. All these actions caused him to resign from the Presidential office. What we don't think about, is all the good he did. Nixon did a lot for our country.From foreign affairs o the environment, he accomplished much during his time as president. First of all, one of his greatest accomplishments was the d ©tente with the Republic of China. He was the first president to visit the country, and he opened trade with China and bettered the economy by making China its biggest trade partner. He came to agreements with both China and the Soviet Union where the use of nuclear weapons would stop being used. Nixon accomplished much with our nation's environment.He passed many acts hich included the National Environmental Policy of 1969, The Environmental Protection Agency of 1970, The Clean Air Act Extension of 1970, Marine Mammal Protection of 1972, the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, and the Endangered Species Act of 1973. We can thank him for making our environment a better place. Besides improving our environment, President Nixon also accomplished much under Civil Rights. It is because of Nixon that women have equal pay and employment opportunities today.Nixon also worked towards racism towards African Americans and helped stop the segregation towards them in the school systems. Even though President Nixon had a lot of faults and made a lot of mistakes, he couldVe handled things a lot better. So why look at only his faults? He did a lot for our country and doesn't deserve all the mistrust that people feel towards him. History seems only to remember the faults of people, but in the very end, he was actually a really good president

mnemonic devices essays

mnemonic devices essays When talking about memory in this chapter, metacognition and metamemory are introduced. Metacognition is our awareness of and knowledge about our own cognitive system. In other words, this is referred to as knowing about knowing. Metamemroy is the knowldege about ones own memory system; also known as knowing how to know. Ones metamemroy process includes the awareness that you must get things into the memory by performing some intentional acitivity. This intentional mental acitivity is known as rehearsal. Mnemonic means to help the memory. As the textbook states, a mnemonic device is an active, strategic kind of learning device or method, otherwise known as a rehearsal strategy. Each mnemonic device is either formal, meaning you learn the mnemonic scheme and then apply it, or informal, which is when you invent the scheme yourself. Informal devices are characterized by three principles: 1) the material being learned is structured and integrated into a preexisting memory framework. 2) The material to be remembered must be practiced. 3) The mnemonic device provides a plan or scheme for retrieving information. Mnemonic devices provide an easier way to remember information. People use them to remember specific items in a shorter, quicker way than memorizing the entire concept. There are two types of mnemonic devies in which the book discuesses. The first one is the method of loci. Two active ingredients are invloed in this method; the first being the memorized physical locations and the second being the mental images of the to-be-remembered items. An example of this would be the grocery list that we did in class. It worked very well because each grocery item that we associated with locations was easty to remember. The other is the peg-word mnemonic device. This is where a prememorized set of words serves as a s ...

Writing Tips How to Use Commas and Semicolons

Writing Tips How to Use Commas and Semicolons â€Å"Comma v.  Semicolon? Aaargh!! I’ll just pick one†¦ I figure I have a 50% chance of getting it right.† Does this sound like you? If so, you’ve come to the right place. Let’s raise your average with these writing tips. Did you know you can HEAR the difference? The first thing I like to talk about with commas vs. semicolons is the sound of them. Commas are a pause with an invitation to continue, whereas semicolons are a full stop. You will be able to hear the difference. Read the following sentences aloud, paying attention to the *sound* of the punctuation: [CORRECT] In high school I was certain of my academic strengths; the daughter and younger sister of doctors, I excelled in math and science and dreaded every English course I was ever forced to take. [CORRECT] I took a wide variety of classes, from psychology and sociology to business and criminal justice, hoping to find something, whether it were a class or a specific topic, that captivated my interest. [CORRECT] Addison’s Disease is a chronic adrenal insufficiency that leads to liver failure, kidney failure, effusions, and in some cases, death; I was determined that it would not kill my brother. Can you hear how your inflection goes up with each comma, and down with each semicolon? The upward inflection of the comma makes us think there is something more coming. The sound of a semicolon, on the other hand, is often the same sound that comes along with a period. It is more final. If you didn’t get that the first time around, go ahead and read the sentences above again, until you hear it. Why is it useful to know how a punctuation mark sounds? It allows you to read your sentence aloud and to determine whether you’ve chosen correctly. If you have a semicolon in your sentence but the inflection sounds right going up, you know to switch it to a comma. And vice versa. Also, on a more basic level, if you find yourself pausing and inflecting upward and yet you have no comma there at all, add one! Here’s an example: [INCORRECT] I have learned a lot about myself, and my capabilities throughout my career. See how you want to pause and inflect upward after â€Å"capabilities† because of the comma after â€Å"myself†? Add a comma! [CORRECT] I have learned a lot about myself, and my capabilities, throughout my career. Or just delete the comma after â€Å"myself† and the inflection changes: [CORRECT] I have learned a lot about myself and my capabilities throughout my career. One more example: [INCORRECT] Although, I had many successful closings, there were always a few that were unsuccessful. Why put a comma after â€Å"Although† when you would not pause here when speaking? [CORRECT] Although I had many successful closings, there were always a few that were unsuccessful. I hope this lesson listening for commas v. semicolons was helpful. Category:Grammar Writing TipsBy Brenda BernsteinOctober 24, 2010 8 Comments The Essay Expert says: October 26, 2010 at 8:59 am Thanks for the comment Jackie. Now listen for whether you want a full stop or a pause between Good Stuff and I often struggle. Could these be two sentences standing on their own? If so look at using a semi-colon! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: October 26, 2010 at 11:42 am Ill work on that Beth! Log in to Reply Eric Nilsson says: June 27, 2012 at 11:40 am Dear Essay Expert, I dont quite agree with the comment that a semi-colon represents a full stop; I see it rather as a long pause. A full stop is a period and, when you think about it, a semi-colon is a combination of a pause and a stop (period on top and comma on bottom). Perhaps, because I love commas, I could be considered a Comma-adore (pronounce the a sound only once). Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: June 27, 2012 at 11:47 am Thanks for your comment Eric. In my mind, the semi-colon, when used to separate what could be two full sentences, is closer to a full stop than to a pause; in a list of long items, the semi-colon inserts a long pause. My opinion: When used to separate two potentially distinct sentences, the semi-colon serves to connect two thoughts so related to each other that a period would serve as too wide of a separation. Log in to Reply Xelor says: March 20, 2019 at 6:05 am Dear Ms. Bernstein, Kudos and thanks for sharing your inflection-based pedagogy for comma and semicolon use. I found myself tutoring a teen for whom the sentence-structure approach learning rules about and how to recognize independent and subordinate clauses, appositives, parenthetical remarks, and coordinating conjunctions was as recondite as quantum mechanics. Moreover, I know well enough how to punctuate and had helped my own kids (all grown now) master a smattering of grammars nuances, I was anxious over the prospect of having to help a child who hadnt fully grasped the basics; thus I Googled for guidance. Using the search term inflective comma, I noticed your site among Googles first few results. It is just what the doctor ordered. I delivered an overview of what commas and semicolons do, telling my charge that if what precedes and follows the punctuation mark he inserted can stand alone as a complete sentence, use a semicolon; otherwise, use a comma. Imperfect guidance, yes, but given where the boy was, it seemed as fitting as any place to start. Next, I had him read this webpage, whereafter I clarified bits about which he inquired. Lastly, after telling him its called punctuation because its the written indicator of changes in a speakers voice, I suggested he simply speak his sentences in his head and listen for the pauses, variances in tone and emphasis, and so on, and simply toss in a comma where his inflection changes. What a difference! The young man, in mere minutes, went from period-only punctuation to near perfect. He was a little comma happy, but, hey, he used them, and, in turn, his voice came through, which, most importantly, means readers can unequivocally discern his meaning. The boys bright, his thoughts coherent, and on the strength of that, hes been a B-student; however, his poor punctuation has kept him from being an A-student. Hes got a graded writing assignment due Friday, so well see what happens and go from there. With any luck, hell soon be ready for em dashes, hyphens and ellipses. Whoo hoo! So, on his behalf and mine, thank you for maintaining this website. It was an inspirational godsend for me and a palpable aid for the young man Im tutoring. As didactic Internet content goes, one cant ask for more. Cheers, Xelor P.S. I dont know how the boy, whos a tenth grader, became a poor punctuator; maybe he skipped class on those days. Who knows? Its obvious, however, that between about the seventh and tenth grades, none of his teachers have acted to correct what is clearly but a mechanical issue, one that, given the boys manifested acumen and critical thinking skill, could long ago have been corrected. Perhaps they felt his earning Bs was good enough to obviate their bothering to intervene? In any case, their omission thus has unquestionably resulted in the boys grades and GPA being lower than he deserves. Who knows what impact that may have on his college prospects? Whatever affect it has, it likely wont be positive, and thats a doggone shame. Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: March 20, 2019 at 6:21 am Thanks so much for sharing this story, Xelor! As a blogger, I never know what impact my writing will have, and I’m so thrilled I helped in this way. Your message was very well punctuated btw! Watch out for affect/effect 😉. Log in to Reply Xelor says: March 20, 2019 at 7:28 am Youre welcome. Im glad, then, that I bothered to share a little anecdote affirming for you that your contribution to the Internet has positively affected at least two people. The affect error is my bad; I didnt carefully proofread my remarks, behavior, or lack thereof, really, thats typical of my postings on the Internet. Failing to proofread results occasionally in my publicly making errors I know better than to make. The affect/effect error is an unusual one for me insofar as Im an old school dude who thinks impact is only a noun and effect is both a noun and verb. FWIW, affect/effect sentence began as I dont know how thatll affect his college acceptance outcomes, but in revising it, I left affect, but I cant say why. Worse, in my mind is the omission of a coordinating conjunction yet would have done nicely in the sentence that begins with moreover. Oh, wellwe all make mistakes, but hopefully not too many. LOL God bless and all the best, Xelor Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: March 20, 2019 at 8:25 am Hi Xelor, I figured there was an explainable oversight here. I am all-too-familiar with errors that come from editing. And I definitely observed that your grammar is meticulous! By the way, I try to keep impact as a noun as well. Log in to Reply

The World Oil Market Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The World Oil Market - Assignment Example A tight balance between supply and demand can lead to high prices that cause both higher expenditures for consumers and higher incomes for producers. In economics, exhaustible resources generally follow the rule that the rate of growth must equal the rate of interest in order to reach industry equilibrium. However, due to the unpredictable character of future oil supply and demand conditions, oil prices do not generally follow this rule. Most of the time, it exhibits backwardation wherein future prices are lower than current ones. Future demand is hard to predict because it is difficult to foresee changes in energy technologies and it takes years for consumers to switch to other resources should prices go off the roof. On the other hand, investment is expensive and risky and it takes a while before production supply turns to high capacity. Oil prices also behave unexpectedly since the market is responsive to speculative pressures, operational constraints, and political conditions. Hu rricane Katrina, by reducing gasoline supplies (which is chiefly derived from crude oil), became one dramatic factor that caused oil prices to skyrocket in 2005. The storm reduced oil production, transportation, and refining capacity--it paralyzed major oil and gasoline pipelines that carried supplies down from the Gulf Mexico and took down offshore oil platforms. Power outages also caused problems in oil and natural gas distribution in many areas. The large drop in supplies caused oil prices to rise. Additionally, consumer expectation contributed to the demand component. With the hurricane retarding oil production and restricting supplies, they expected prices to rise. They immediately increased the demand by buying gasoline, hoping to fill up their tanks before prices start to rise. Reduced supply and increased demand caused oil prices to increase dramatically, as shown in the graph below: 3. Analyze the structure of the world oil market & identify what kind of market structure it has.   The world oil market structure is oligopolistic since the market is dominated by a limited number of suppliers. An industry is said to be oligopolistic if few supply the majority of the output and if those suppliers are interdependent. In oil production, about 50 percent of the output and 70 percent of the reserves are controlled by a cartel. Production is handled by both the public and private sectors. However, oil production is just one aspect of the market-converting and refining it to other consumer products is another facet of the total world oil industry, one which has its own dynamics and regulations. Worldwide supply and demand determine oil prices, with great influence from OPEC. On the supply side, OPEC provides most of the world's supply and normally acts as a semi-cartel, influencing oil prices by maintaining excess capacity. It also tries to maintain oil prices at its target level by setting quotas or production limits for its members. On the other hand, non-O PEC suppliers have generally limited reserves and typically behave as price takers. OPEC's policy in recent times is to control crude oil inventories and reserves in consuming nations in order to balance the market.

Strategic Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic Planning - Assignment Example It is based on this knowledge that a health care organization may decide on the best approach to use, in competing with their competitors. Another type of competitor identified by Moseley are potential competitors. These are companies that are operating in other industries, but they are showing a high likelihood of wanting to invest in the health care industry. These are always referred to as new entrants (Zuckerman, 2012). It is important to explain that investing in the health care industry is a very costly process, and on this basis, new entrants are normally business organizations that have the capability of raising the necessary capital. Furthermore, it is important to explain that new entrants could be firms operating the same line of business, but operating in a different geographical location (Harrison, 2010). Other possible new entrants include organizations that offer related services, suppliers who are interested in integrating forward in the chain, with the intention of forming a hospital organization, organizations that seek to diversify their portfolios, because of increased competition, etc. Another type of competitors is indirect competitors. These are health care institutions that offer substitute products. It is important to explain that this is competition, because these organizations have the capability of satisfying the customers of a health organization, in a similar manner, as the organization under consideration (Stahl, 2004). In gathering data, concerning the threats that direct competitors pose, there is a need of carrying out market research, through surveys, and observations. Surveys would enable the health care organization to collect data, based on the quality of service it offers, in comparison to the quality of service offered by its competitors. This type of information is very important because it

The influence of Avant Garde film movie in Pop Cinema Essay

The influence of Avant Garde film movie in Pop Cinema - Essay Example ilms where developers strive to capture the social and cultural features of the society, avant-garde film developers infuse their creativity and thoughts into the development of films thereby pushing the boundaries of possibilities in such creations (Kostelanetz & Brittain, 2000). Avant-garde film therefore increased the bounds of film development thereby providing developers with more possibilities, this has consequently revamped the industry thus perpetuating both competition and creativity in the industry as espoused in the discussion below. Mesh of the afternoon is one such film in which the developers experiment with different features and elements of film development. The short is film is a perfect example of avant-garde film. The film adopts a circular narrative structure with the developers repeating similar motifs and symbols. Among the motifs are flowers, a knife and a falling key among others. The simplistic structure easily portrays the ease of developing the film as the developer manipulates the camera angles, shots and lighting of different scenes in order to develop the sequential flow of concepts in the film. The film therefore provides a realistic manifestation of avant-garde film in the contemporary society. Andy Warhol is yet another contemporary developer of avant-garde films who has depicted understanding of the intricate features in film developments and the need to infuse creativity and experimental aspects of films in film developments in the contemporary society. Among his greatest works is Ann the girl who cried a tear. In his works, Andy Warhol portrays the role of arts in the society; he developed films and music that provided a perfect reflection of the society through his artistic and analytical eyes. This provides him with the relativity to experiment on different issues. He for example pioneered the use of computers in the generation of arts including films. Ann the girl who cried a tear is one of his famous works, which portray

Literature Review on Polygamy

Literature Review on Polygamy Polygamy is an intricate phenomenon and a result of power relations, with profound social, cultural, financial, and political roots. Regardless of being prohibited in numerous nations, the practice holds on and has been connected with women marginalization and emotional well-being sequelae. In this study, Daoud, Shoham-Vardi, Urquia and Campo, (2014) tried to enhance comprehension of this progressing, complex phenomenon by analyzing the commitment of financial position, social support to the abundance of depressive side effects and poor self-appraised wellbeing among women in polygamous marriages contrasted with women in monogamous marriages. Measuring the commitment of these elements could encourage approaches and mediations went for ensuring womens psychological wellness. The research was directed among an example of Arab Bedouin women living in a marginalized group in southern Israel (N=464, age 18-50). The females were actually met in 2008-2009. The researchers used logistic regr ession models to figure the commitment of Socio economic position (as characterized by the women training, family SEP, and family attributes) and social support to abundance of depressive indications and poor SRH among members in polygamous versus monogamous marriages. Results showed that around 23% of the members were in polygamous marriages. These women announced twice over chances of depressive signs and poorer self-rated health than those in monogamous marriages. Females training changed these affiliations marginally, yet family SEP and family unit attributes brought about for all intents and purposes no further change. Social bolster lessened the chances for poor SRH and DS by around 23% and 28%, respectively. Polygamy is connected with higher hazard for poor emotional wellness of women paying little mind to their SEP and training. Social bolster appears to have some defensive impact. Another study which was led by Al-Krenawi, Graham and Izzeldin (2001). In this research the sample was taken from refugee camps outside Gaza City. Snowball sampling technique was used to collect the sample of 187 females (100 senior or first spouses, 87 junior or second wives) in polygamous marriages. They completed questionnaires basic demographic information, Rosenbergs Self-Esteem (SE), and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Senior and junior spouses experienced crowded housing conditions. Senior wives perceived fundamentally more financial issues than did junior wives. In perceived relationship fulfillment significant difference occurred, with junior spouses less disappointed than senior wives. Significant differences occurred in five measurements of the BSI: somatization, interpersonal affectability, gloom, nervousness, and phobic uneasiness, with senior spouses scoring higher than junior wives on all subscales. Self-esteem scores were altogether lower among senior than junior s pouses. Socio-demographic and psychological discoveries are broke down in connection to financial, interpersonal, and intra-familial stressors, and social arrangement settings. On the other hand, Chaleby, (1985) examined that whether Kuwaiti spouses of polygamous marriages were extremely represented to in the inpatient psychiatric instead of the general public. A second intention was to decide the degree of the relationship between psychiatric issue and marital condition. Preliminary data showed that the rate of spouses of polygamous marriages was essentially more prominent in the inpatient psychiatric populace than in the all-inclusive community of Kuwait, as reflected in the 1975 registration. Moreover, the outcomes recommended a relationship between the way of psychiatric issue and the conjugal circumstance. Exchange clarifications of the information are progressed, and the requirement for controlled future studies drafted. However, Slonim, Nevo and Al-Krenawi (2006) conducted a study. For this study, the researchers interviewed 10 polygamous families, who were living in a Bedouin Arab town in the south of Israel. Every one of the 10 families were comprising of 1 spouse, 2 wives, and kids. Five individuals were met in every family: first spouse, second wife, the oldest child of first and second wife, and the husband. Among 10 families five families were viewed as well-working families and five as ineffectively working. Results revealed that polygamy is difficult in both well-working and ineffectively working families, especially for spouses. In any case, there are numerous customs and mastery that encourage individuals from the family to function well. Among them are acknowledgment of polygamy as Gods desire or fate, square with equal distribution of resources among both families by the spouse, partition between the two families, evasion of minor clashes and differences, keeping up a disposition of rega rd toward the other wife, and permitting open communication among all siblings, children and the other mother. Researchers likewise examined the need to create, execute, and assess family mediation programs for polygamous families among various communities in the world. In like manner, working with polygamous families some clinical implications are likewise investigated. A report of research which depends on those females who were being found in essential medicinal services focuses by Al-Krenawi. The sample comprises of 126 Bedouin-Arab women from polygamous families (1999). Of these, 94 were senior spouses who were trailed by another wife in the marriage, and 32 were junior wives, the latest wife joining the marriage. Information uncovered that senior spouses showed lower self-esteem when contrasted with junior wives. Findings additionally revealed that senior spouses showed poorer associations with their husbands contrasted with their junior counterparts. Often when a spouse wedded a second wife, the marriage could be founded on adoration, instead of parental course of action, a trade, or relationship as in the first. These variables likewise add to the senior spouses low self-esteem and marital disappointment. Furthermore, another study was conducted by Al-Krenawi, Graham and Al-Krenawi (1997) this study examined the information in view of understudy documents of 25 Bedouin-Arab children born to senior mothers of polygamous families. The interviews were conducted with children teachers and mothers. Mothers reported that their children had an assortment of behavioral issues, and below average academic achievement. Mothers griped of substantial side effects, financial issues, poor relations with the spouse, and competition and desire between the co-wives and among the co-wives children. Social work practice ought to perceive the social and individual essentialness of polygamy to relatives; value the noteworthiness of polygamy to childrens functioning; select children as an objective framework for intercession; and strengthen the Islamic value base for mediations.

Essays --

Why is Ethiopia Always Hungry? In 1974, Louis Leake discovered a 3.2 million year old skeleton he named â€Å"Lucy† in the Afar region of Ethiopia. This evidence indicates human inhabitants have lived in the region for millions of years. In Ethiopia today, the people are chronically hungry. There have been recurrent famines leading to starvation and death of hundreds of thousands of people. The country’s population is outpacing its food production. Did â€Å"Lucy† die from starvation? Why can’t Ethiopia feed its people? Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa with a long and complex history dating back thousands of years. Located in the eastern Horn of Africa, Ethiopia is a landlocked country slightly smaller than twice the size of Texas. In 1994, a federal republic was created consisting of nine ethnically based states and lead by a president elected by the people (â€Å"Central Intelligence Agency†). It has a current population of 93 million people. In 2013, Ethiopia had a population growth rate of 2.9%, ranking it ninth in the world in population growth. This growth rate is projected to continue over the next 40 years (Population Challenges). The country is made up of many ethnic groups with the Oromo (35%) and the Amhara (27%) making up the largest groups. In general, the population is rural and poor. Only 17% of the people live in urban centers. Agriculture is the main driver of the Ethiopian economy. Most of the farming occurs on small farms and consists of subsi stence agriculture. There is very little commercial farming. Agriculture contributes 46% to GNP and employs 85% of the population (â€Å"Ethiopia†). The geography of Ethiopia is a high plateau divided by the Great Rift Valley. There is a central mounta... ...e weather conditions, the problem continues to grow. Solving these problems requires action on all levels--from the international community and the United Nations, by the Ethiopian federal government, and members of the regional and local communities. The course of action for Ethiopia will take both time and financial support. The problem did not develop overnight and it cannot be solved quickly. By working together to provide sustainable solutions, the people of Ethiopia may one day be protected during times of drought by having enough food available to prevent famine and starvation. Hopefully, Ethiopia will be able to implement the reforms and changes needed to someday sustain itself. By providing adequate food for its people, it will eliminate the need for food handouts. Maybe some day soon we will be able to quit asking, â€Å"Why is Ethiopia always hungry?†

Paraguay Essay

Mushfika Chowdhury Ms. Vives Spanish Paraguay Paraguay is a country in South America. It is surrounded by Brazil, Argentina, and Bolivia. Most people know Paraguay as Paraguay, but the country s official name is Republic of Paraguay. In 2011 it has said that Paraguay has approximately a population of 6,568,290. Most people are living in the oriental region. The country’s official language is Spanish as well as Guarani. The oriental eastern region has hills, waterfalls, exotic plants and the forest.This region makes up 40 percent of Paraguay. This part of Paraguay receives a large amount of rainfall. The region known as occidental also known as Chaco, is made up of grass, course tropical reeds and stunned trees. Some of Paraguay’s natural resources include forest soil, minerals, and the rivers. The rivers are important because tis how most people in Paraguay communicate, it also provides fish. The main industry is farming livestock, cotton, cane, corn, soybeans, potatoe s, bananas, oranges, wheat, beans, tea and tobacco. That was the farming and food recourses of Paraguay.When it comes to the government and money there’s not that many similarities. Some of you may or may not know that the former president of Paraguay was Fernando Lugo (2008-2012). It wasn’t that many days ago that a new president for Paraguay was elected, his name is Mr. Franco. The currency used in Paraguay is Guarani. One dollar in the United States is 4,095. 58 Guarani. One Paraguay Guarani equals to 0. 0002442 cents in the U. S. You also might be wondering what type of government Paraguay has. Well its constitutional republic. I would also recommend you taking a camera if you ever go there, the sites and scenery is breathtaking.

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Essay

On April 20, 2010 a catastrophic explosion on the Deepwater Horizon off shore drilling platform caused the largest single release to the environment due to oil drilling. This explosion killed 11 workers and injured 17. This oil spill is very controversial because it can be questioned if this spill could have been prevented and what exactly went wrong. There is much debate on who is to blame, what could have been done to prevent it and who is going to pay for all the damage. Many are not happy with the settlement BP is signing that will keep them from further criminal prosecution if they agree to pay the settlement amount. Paying retribution is fine, but what about the future damaging effects that we have no way of even knowing about now. Who will take care of that? These are some of the basic questions people are asking about this case and my responses. What can this accident teach us? This accident should teach us all that there is a great responsibility taken on when you go into the earth and try to harvest chemical products that have potential for negative effects on human welfare and health. The government needs to be in charge of regulating these activities to preserve the future of our environment. Had you been in charge of granting permit for this, what measures would you have prescribed to prevent or mitigate the impacts of such an accident? Policies need to be in place that ensures that properly trained personnel are on site at all times to ensure the safety of the drilling process. Only experienced personnel could properly react to an emergency and possibly be able to mitigate further damage. Knowledge and experience are required to recognize potential hazards in time and prevent even bigger negative effects. BP engineers were supposedly aware of variations in the pressure prior to the explosion. These engineers probably did not have the authority to request work be stopped so further inspections could be made. Politics involved with the money at stake sometimes lead to dangerous decisions. If someone with the knowledge and authority to make an executive decision was there, this tragedy could possibly have been avoided. If you were in a policy making forum, what national or international policy measures would you recommend for reducing long term risk from off-shore drilling. I think the policies on long term risk from off-shore drilling accidents could be addressed by building some kind of boundary wall to contain the drill site, even if there was not a spill. Just the act of drilling is releasing some form of contamination and if that contamination could be contained before it gets incorporated into the entire different city/ country’s water supply it would be a great benefit to prevent long term effects of oil contamination. International policies need to be in effect that maintain the same standards across the board. If one country has low standards and takes in the contaminated water†¦ they will then be releasing it into the environment and the contamination will still affect neighboring countries/cities that may have stricter standards. If I was involved in any type of policymaking forum, I would try to get policy passed that had strict policies regarding quality control practices regarding the technology being used to drill for the oil and the equipment maintenance. Increased testing of drilling equipment during and between drilling process, not just at the start stage. Sometimes equipment fails during use and quality measures need to be in place to make frequent inspections. What changes would you require in terms of ethical conduct by regulators? Regulators need to not be financially involved with projects the are legislating. This is a huge ethical problem because kickbacks and donations often lead to favorable legislations in favor of the party standing to gain and not for the best interest of the public. To what degree may politics have clouded judgment and influenced decisions that where made? Relaxed government regulation was probably made because the government in efforts to promote business, made acquisitions that were dangerous and costly to the environment in the long run.

buy custom Articles about Observation essay

buy custom Articles about Observation essay Programs for early childhood or preschool age struggle to offer education of a high quality to the children. Such programs involve a vast range of characteristics in order to answer the purpose. These programmes include structural features that are instituted through the policies and regulations, and process features that are experienced be the children directly. For the most part, the programmes cover a physical environment such as spatial, furnishing and learning materials. Social environment also comprises the preschool programmes, which cover a classroom management as well as emotional and instructional support. The most important, they face a challenge of determining the quality of such programmes and its effect or impact on the features of development of the preschool children in terms of literacy, activity, interaction, language and skill. The level of the experience that children gain while being in preschool make significant contributions to their development of skills in li teracy, academic subject, language and competency in their emotional and social life. For this reason, the different educational systems have been developed, which provide the preschool learners with the rich experiences that prepare them for further studying. In addition, the experiences acquired in the preschool thoroughly prepare a child to join the senior classes or school. The development of these programmes is aimed at providing the preschool children with several opportunities in relation to education. One of the benefits of a high quality preschool education is that it is open for disabled children as well, which is very important. The programmes are useful in protecting such children, thus, reducing the gap of development or recognition that occurs at school entry (Burchinal et al., 2000). In the event of the above constraints, the learner can easily cope with the challenges of education due to the high quality preschool programme. Several studies conducted on this subject indicate a considerable connection between a preschool grounding and further educational advancement. Several organizations continuously emphasize the importance of the quality of the preschool programmes providing an appropriate language and interaction skills. They also insist that a conducive- preschool environment forms a strong foundation or basis for protection of the children experiencing difficulties in reading or social risks. Conducive environment means that children can learn with fewer difficulties and rely on the proper support of the teachers. They also imply that the quality preschool programmes are aimed at protecting such group of children prone to various risks being deprived of the possibility to get the due language skills in the educational surroundings. The peak of ability of a person to gain knowledge falls on a very tender age, that is why it is essential to a child to be in a conducive for studying learning environment. The early foundation in most cases will determine the future progress of the children. Poor educational background means that children will h ave difficulties in their future academics. Numerous studies have also shown the strong, positive relations that is intrinsic to children facing economic and social risks as a result of the connection between quality of preschool attended and the development of a child. However, these studies indicated the mixed evidences, which may be caused and explained by establishing the different study methods to evaluate the effects, sample compositions, varying sizes, and the measurements and definitions of a preschool quality (Cunningham, 2010). Several other researches have also found that preschools offering quality programmes to the children are more likely to achieve a greater, positive impact on the literacy of the children, cognitive or reasoning development and language skill. Preschool quality encompasses a wide range of programme characteristics such as the structural features implemented through the regulations and policies, and direct experiences of children provided via the process features. The process quality or features entail the mechanisms used by the preschool in conveying benefits to the children. It consists of the physical environment including furnishings, space and learning materials, as well as emotional support, management of the class, and instructional support. Extensive studies have been conducted to assess the relationship between various features of a preschool programme quality and the development and outcome of the children (Dickinson et al., 2006). The result of the studies indicates a significant relationship between a high quality preschool programme and future development of a child. In order for the programme to be effective, it is essential to use all the previous experience known in the system of the education of a child. For this reason, the programme ensures that all the elements consider the possible and available advantages that could provide the learners with a base needed to higher education. The creators of the programmes realized the essence of a high quality preschool programme in the preparation for the further development and education of the children. However, the connections between the development and a preschool quality tend to remain at the minimal side, with the significant relationships not evident in most of the studies. Similar studies also reflect the differential aspects and impacts of quality programmes in relation to the characteristics of the child such as sex, race and ethnicity, as well as family and home risk factors. The other factors indicate that development and further education of the learner do not mainly depend on the preschool programmes. The moderating effects in most of the studies and high quality programmes have contributed to the successful outcomes among the subgroups that had experienced the delays in development (Early et al., 2007). However, such studies are not to be relied upon because of various factors. Inconsistencies may arise in the relevant studies because of several reasons such as design of the study in detecting developmental effects, characteristic of the participants involved in the study, and definition and measurement of the quality and outcomes. Contradictions that occurs due to the study designs arise when a study measures the parameters of the quality and development at the same time. These studies tend to result into positive relationships, which may not necessarily be accurate in the interpretation of the concurrent associations. The results from studies assessing the associations of preschool program qualities and development of the children take into consideration the characteristics of the participants of the study. Studies conducted in the past incorporated children who were economically disadvantaged, and targeted to get into the programs of prekindergarten. Recent research and studies a longside with a subsequent expansion and growth of the preschool facilities has encouraged the incorporation of participants or children coming from diverse racial or ethnic and economic backgrounds (Cunningham, 2010). Similar studies on the associations of developmental changes of the quality preschool programs also utilize different measures in evaluating the outcome and quality on the magnitude of the program associations. These developmental measures include direct assessments or ratings of the abilities and skills of a teacher that are useful for learning of the preschool children in terms of language, reasoning, cognitive, social-emotional and academic success. Different studies have also reported varying of measurements of the preschool quality. Teachers, administrators, policy makers, and parents in describing the characteristics of prekindergarten programmes use the term of preschool quality. There are two known types of preschool programme qualities, namely, structural and process qualities. Structural qualities encompass those features of the programme that are targeted at financing and regulation, and include the professional training of the teachers and their personal level of education, ratio and size of the clss, service programmes for families and parents, curriculum types, and several other structural features associated with the developmental outcome of the students. The level of education of the teacher would be relevant in the way he or she can be helpful in implementation of the preschool programmes. In the event, the teacher with the task of implementing of the programmes that h a low educational level would not be appropriate for the job. On the other hand, the type of curriculum determines the impact of the programs on the development of the children. The recommended curriculums at this level are those which are student centered. Curriculums, which are not student centered, may not be effective in implementing the high quality preschool programmes. In addition, the high quality programs work well in schools where there is proper regulation of the class size and number. Crowded classes with insufficient supporting materials would make the programmes ineffective, and, hence, would not produce the expected outcomes (Early et al., 2007). Rationale A literacy environment quality entails the social relations and the surroundins that the children directly encounter while participating in various classroom activities. Social relations would comprise the other students and teachers. The available, supporting staff also covers the area of social relations, which children experience while being at school. On the other hand, there is a physical learning environment, which means the learning materials. Learning materials can include books, classrooms, playing toys, charts, drawings, and other relevant materials at this level of education. These global quality programmes can be described as one containing features of the potential to improve the positive development of a child providing the safe environments, appropriate learning activities, and interactions with teachers, parents and fellow children (Hoff, 2006). As much as global quality proves to impact the literacy development of preschool children, advanced research needs to be foc used on the specific quality indicators connected to language and reasoning skills, activities and interactions. There is limited research on the quality of the preschool programme and the literacy environment. Most studies dealing with the relationship between development of the child and quality of the school focus on the quality measures of one dimension, ranging from high quality to low quality. These studies do not explore the quality aspects that are strongly connected to the development of a child, as well as evaluation of specific quality factor that protect the children facing economic and social risks. This study seeks to examine the instructional practice, classroom environment and the impact of these features on development and support of the progression of the children. It is aimed at examining the association or influence of the factors of preschool qualities on the development of the language-reasoning skills of the children, their activities and interactions, using t he Early Childhood Ratting Scale-Revised (ECERS-R) to assess the preschool programmes and ensure that they meet the needs of the student according to the standards (Harms, Clifford, Cryer, 2005). Methodology The study is focused on the prekindergarten schools with convenient and representative sample sizes from diverse cultural, racial and economic backgrounds. Data collection was done by an observational survey using the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised (ECERS-R; Harms, Clifford, Cryer, 2005). The use of the scale has been reported for over two decades. It evaluates different subsections that are in line with the objectives of the study. They include such areas as Language and Reasoning, Activities, Interaction, Space and Furnishings, Programme Structure, Personal Care Routine, and Parents and Staff. There are 470 indicators equivalent to 43 items that are rated in a format of a seven-point scale. The descriptors for scoring the variables ranged from 1 (Inadequate), 3 (Minimal), 5 (Good), to 7 (Excellent). Observation Summary The study entailed evaluation of an ECERS-R observation evaluation as a requirement of the course Psychology of Early Childhood. The study was carried out on March 21st, 2012, in a Pre-K classroom, in Lincoln School in New Britain, CT. This observation is focused on three scales, Language-Reasoning, Activities, and Interaction. Participants included 21 students between ages of two to five-years-old. This group of students was from diverse backgrounds, including White, African-American, and Hispanic origin. The staff presented during the study included one head teacher and two assistant teachers. Table 1 shows the ratings based on the observations. Language-Reasoning consists of four subscales: Books and pictures, Encouraging children to communicate, Using language to develop reasoning skills, and Informal use of language. According to the observations, the author believed that all qualifications were met in this area, and rated them with excellent (7). In this Pre-K classroom, there was an assigned center for reading providing students with a variety of books. The teacher, Ms. Thurston, also read stories to the children. The teacher would ask questions and relate the stories to the children as she read. On the free play of the children, four of them played with the books, looking at the pictures and showing to each other. This classroom presented pictures of different subjects at the eye level of the children. In the subscale, the staff and children had constant communication in order to encourage the children to communicate easily. The author observed one particular student who was shy and low in interacting and communicating to the fellow students. The teacher during the free play tried to communicate with that student, and encouraged her to communicate, play and interact with other children by explaining what she was making with clay. As for using language to develop reasoning skills, the author noticed a group of children playing bingo. This game reinforced their vocabulary and knowledge of numbers. For instance, the teacher picked a number and asked them to repeat it then match that number on their bingo cards. In the subscale informal use of language, students were assigned to different centers in the classroom. The staff walked around in order to supervise and communicate individually with the children and inquire them in what activity they were involved in. For instance, one of the teachers asked a girl what she was making with sand. The girl answered: A big house. The teacher continued communicating and interacting with the girl about the house and inquiring whether she was going to add windows, doors, and a chimney. A variety of activities were also observed at Lincoln School. The author assigned a rating of seven (7) to all the subscales under activities except Sand and Water that were rated five (5) and Nature and Science rated six (6). Under refined motor skills, the author noticed that all the materials and tools used by the children were labeled and well organized. For example, the attention was paid to how all the utensils used in the cooking center were labeled and stored in their rightful places. Art work including painting and drawings made by the students were displayed all over the classroom walls. They also had 3D art articles with their names on made by using a clay, and snowmen made of the foam balls. The teacher played music to the children after a story had been read. The students had the chance of singing and dancing to the music separately for the girls and boys. Blocks had an assigned center, where the students had the opportunity to play with different types and sizes, for instance, the coloured plastic and wooden blocks, etc. In this classroom, there was a corner assigned as the sand center with a sand table. The table contained sand tools such as shovels and small buckets among the others. The subscale was rated with a five, as there was no area designated for watter play, either indoors or outdoors. In this classroom, the staff had assigned a theater center for the children to dramatize and change their character into anything they desired. This theater included dress up clothes and puppets. In Science/ Nature subscale, there were a group of books with different themes on nature, animals, and plants. Pictures were also displayed in the classroom that was related to weather. Math/ Number subscale was reflected within the entire classroom. Numbers were everywhere including the date, the blocks, the game they played together (Bingo). Two ch ildren were using the computer with headphones. The use of computers allowed the children to reinforce their knowledge and be able to properly use a computer. This classroom was multicultural; the teachers encouraged the students to play, sing, and dance together despite their ethnic backgrounds. The supervision of gross motor, the general supervision and discipline were well guided. The teachers talked to the children about their activities of interest and promoted an excellent level of discipline in which the students, at the sound of the whistle, knew how to translate the signals to the words Stop, Look, and Listen. Table 2 shows the ratings for the Early Learning Programme (ELP). On March 22nd, 2012, the author visited a preschool programme in New Britain, CT. The number of students present at the time of the observation was ten. Similar to Lincoln School, this programme was diverse in their student admission. The author rated the ELP with an excellent in all subscales because it covered many areas and activities within an hour of observation that were required in the ECERS-R scale. The following aspects were observed in the language-reasoning scale: many books with different topics were accessible to the children, pictures and art works of the children were displayed throughout the classroom. There was also effective communication between staff and students, as well as between staff and parents. The teacher made the children talk about pets at home and their experiences with them. There were four staff members responsible for the talk with the children in the preschool. One of the staff member s played a game with three students in which counting was necessary; she counted with them and also showed them how to count in Spanish. In the activity scale, there was a series of activities that had been observed. Fine motor skills were evident throughout the classroom; materials were all organized and accessible to the children. All the shelves and cabinets were labeled. The author even noticed the teacher bringing books and placing them on the shelf for the students. On the play time, a group gathered in the art center and began to draw whatever they desired. A girl drew her mother and the head teacher. All the previous art works of the children were displayed on the walls. The classroom had a CD player available for music and had music instruments free to be used. The students had the opportunity to play with blocks on their free play time. The children even tried to create a tower that was high enough without the tower collapsing. Previously, the students had played in their sand table center. The table had sand tools stored under the table for the use. This information was made available by one of the teachers in the classroom. The author also observed children playing with puppets, talking to each other as if they were the puppets and imagining stories. The children also played a board game with one of the teachers while parents arrived to pick up their children. In the Nature/ Science subscale, the author observed plants around the room, little flower pots with the attempt to grow grass. There was a classroom pet (beta fish) in which the author witnessed the children taking turns to feed the fish. The board game played by the students had to do with numbers. The personal information of the children was displayed which included their birthdays and a family tree. The classroom had one computer accessible to all children, with different learning programmes for the pupils to learn and play with fellow students. However, it was not used at the time of the observation. The classroom promoted a diverse environment by having children from different backgrounds playing with each other. The author even noticed some Spanish and Polish conversations between mother and daughter. The teachers assisted the kids in using the different tools like working ones, kitchen utensils and grocery shopping materials in an appropriate manner. In general, the supervision was well guided allowing students to work independently but also keeping safety rules in check. At one point, the children started getting rough in their puppet game and so the teacher intervened in order to show them how to play with the puppets and gave them ideas on what to do. The level of discipline in the classroom was excellent; when the teacher was reading a book the children had to raise thei r hand to speak. The author also noticed the children getting a little bit noisy and the teacher let them know that there were interfering with other children, who were trying to play other games. Conclusion Preschool learning age is an essential one and it demands a proper foundation for the preschoolers. The above information explores the experience of the author in the two different schools which were similar to each other. The dynamism of each learning center was unique and adequate for instructional processes and purposes. Both of them were following a protocol and a proper curriculum, which is a necessary element in the implementation of any preschool programme. The teachers used the most effective ways to connect classroom activities with student daily life experiences. This was through encouraging the learners to relate the class activities with the home activities or playground ones. This makes learning to get easier for the preschoolers as they could identify the relationships between class lessons and their life experiences. In addition, the learning expectations of the teacher were focused on academic disciplines (math, language, arts) and social expectations (interactions be tween the students and teachers, respect to others). These are some of the factors which are key determinants of the impacts of the preschool programmes on the development of the children. It is clear from the above discussion and studies that the type of curriculum, level of education of the teacher, and connection of the classroom activities with the daily life experiences results in the positive outcomes (Cunningham, 2010). Evaluation of the environment is necessary in understanding the influence of the environmental features in literacy and social developmental potential of the preschool children. Proper and positive environment will ensure that the learners would gain an advancement due to the preschool programmes. A negative learning environment means that there will be obstacles while implementing the programmes, hence, negative results. Assessment of the quality of the preschool programmes and the environment is essential in improving literacy skills at school entry. Research also indicates that a strong basis or foundation of quality programmes, activities, and literacy developments can prepare students for future successful careers (Campbell et al., 2002). This increases the need to put the priority of the development and future of the students at the topmost position. The high quality programmes and environment that encourage literacy and language development, can also serve to reduce the challe nges that the students might face in the early stages of their growing, thus promoting the development of successful and fluent readers and writers. It is also necessary to put into consideration not only the practice of literacy programmes and quality environment, but also incorporate essential books, experimenting opportunities in a stimulating and a print rich environment. Other notable features with potential benefits include knowledgeable teachers on language skills, meaningful learning choices, and a conducive learning environment with a risk taking, supportive and caring staff. Buy custom Articles about Observation essay